Supplementary Material
(Note: The first 32 items in this list are identical to those in the report.)

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name(HTNPP) = (Aag × PRag) + (Agcp × PRgcp) + (NPPlse × Plse/nl × Plgnp/gp) + (As × Psb × Bsh × Pgbnl) + (Atp × PRtp) - Ptp × {NPPfwd + Pfb/mf × [(Vfhct × namew) + (Vfhctr × namew)] + (NPPfwd × Pnhfwd)} + ({[(Vfhct × namew) + (Vfhctr × namew)] × Pfb/mf} - [(Vfhct × namew) + (Vfhctr × namew)]) + (POPsc × CRsc × Pscstrf × Bstrf) + (POPsc × CRsc × Pscs × Bscs) + (Asctrf × Btrf) + (Afc × Bfc) - (NPPfwd × Pfwd/lc) + (Vfhct × namew) + (Vfhctr × namew) + NPPfwd + (Aho × Pho × PRho)

The "low calculation" of Vitousek et al. (1), because it deals only with direct consumption, by design yields an unrealistically low assessment of human impact. The "high calculation" requires speculation on the TNPP lost due to human activities.

10. Data in the literature usually are presented as (i) means ± standard deviations, (ii) ranges, or (iii) means. Where a choice was available, we selected the data format according to the above order. We consider global-scale studies to be those whose data are chosen to represent the country scale or larger. To reduce subjectivity, we filtered out data that would require significant manipulation (e.g., incorporating allometric rules) to be used by our model.

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17. Four of the parameters (Pgbnl, Pho, Plgnp/gp, Pnhfwd; see Table 1 for definitions) are difficult to estimate because of the absence of data in the literature. We used the ad hoc estimates of (1).

18. The ad hoc estimate of error we use, 0.50, is slightly less than the mean error for parameters with multiple data, 0.60.

19. It would be possible to derive some of the uncertainty in our estimate of HTNPP analytically, especially for aspects that involve simple summation of independent parameters. However, given that many of the parameters are multiplied and that we wished to constrain parameters to be non-negative, the Monte Carlo approach is necessary.

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